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Jean le Rond d'Alembert's Preliminary Discourse of l'Encyclopédie provides a history of the Enlightenment which comprises a chronological list of developments in the realm of knowledge—of which the Encyclopédie forms the pinnacle. [152] In 1783, Mendelssohn referred to Enlightenment as a process by which man was educated in the use of ...
As the more radical implications of the scientific and cultural influences of the Enlightenment began to be felt in the Protestant churches, especially in the 19th century, Liberal Christianity, exemplified especially by numerous theologians in Germany in the 19th century, sought to bring the churches alongside of the broad revolution that modernism represented.
[24] "History", or specifically biblical history, in this context appears to mean a definitive and finalized framework of events and actions—comfortingly familiar shared facts—like an omniscient medieval chronicle, shorn of alternative accounts, [25] psychological interpretations, [26] or literary pretensions. But prominent scholars have ...
The Cambridge History of Christianity: Volume 7, Enlightenment, Reawakening and Revolution 1660-1815 (2007) Chadwick, Owen. The Popes and European Revolution (Oxford UP, 1981) Hastings, Adrian, ed. A World History of Christianity (1999) 608pp; Hope, Nicholas. German and Scandinavian Protestantism 1700-1918 (1999) Latourette, Kenneth Scott.
Carl Friedrich Gauss Charles Sanders Peirce Dmitri Mendeleev Hermann Weyl Humphry Davy James Watt Jules Verne Ludwig Boltzmann Max Born Max Planck Mikhail Lomonosov Neil Armstrong Thomas Jefferson Thomas Paine Voltaire Wolfgang Pauli This is a partial list of people who have been categorized as Deists, the belief in a deity based on natural religion only, or belief in religious truths ...
The Age of Enlightenment was a broad philosophical movement in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The traditional theological-political system that placed Scripture at the center, with religious authorities and monarchies claiming and enforcing their power by divine right, was challenged and overturned in the realm of ideas.
The history of Christianity in the early modern period coincides with the Age of Exploration, and is usually taken to begin with the Protestant Reformation c. 1517–1525 (usually rounded down to 1500) and ending in the late 18th century with the onset of the Industrial Revolution and the events leading up to the French Revolution of 1789.
Universities in northern Europe were more willing to accept the ideas of Enlightenment and were often greatly influenced by them. For instance, the historical ensemble of the University of Tartu in Estonia, that was erected around that time, is now included in the European Heritage Label list as an example of a university in the Age of Enlightenment.