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In addition, benzalkonium chloride has a cellular toxicity on caliciform cells, entailing a reduction in the amount of mucin, an additional reason for disrupting the tear film. [ 1 ] In fact, none of the cycloplegic drops used to treat Spasm of Accommodation in the United States are available without BAK.
Since carbachol is poorly absorbed through topical administration, benzalkonium chloride is mixed in to promote absorption. [3] Carbachol is a parasympathomimetic that stimulates both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. [3] In topical ocular and intraocular administration its principal effects are miosis and increased aqueous humour outflow. [3]
Open-angle glaucoma (a condition where the aqueous humour, the watery fluid inside the eyeball, cannot drain away properly) and other causes of high pressure in the eye increase the risk of damage to the retina and the optic nerve (the nerve that sends signals from the eye to the brain). [4] This can result in serious vision loss and even ...
Glaucoma medication is divided into groups based on chemical structure and pharmacologic action. The goal of currently available glaucoma therapy is to preserve visual function by lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients that have an increased intraocular pressure.
Benzalkonium chloride is a frequently used preservative in eye drops. Typical concentrations range from 0.004% to 0.01%. [17] Stronger concentrations can be caustic [18] and cause irreversible damage to the corneal endothelium. [19] Avoiding the use of benzalkonium chloride solutions while contact lenses are in place is discussed in the literature.
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