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Since XML files, however, are not the most space-efficient means of storage, Mac OS X 10.2 introduced a new format where property list files are stored as binary files. Starting with Mac OS X 10.4, this is the default format for preference files. In Mac OS X 10.7, support for reading and writing files in JSON format was introduced. JSON and ...
In such situations, all or part of the data model may be expressed as a collection of 2-tuples in the form <attribute name, value> with each element being an attribute–value pair. Depending on the particular application and the implementation chosen by programmers, attribute names may or may not be unique.
The basic definition of a dictionary does not mandate an order. To guarantee a fixed order of enumeration, ordered versions of the associative array are often used. There are two senses of an ordered dictionary: The order of enumeration is always deterministic for a given set of keys by sorting.
XML separates "data" from "metadata" (via the use of elements and attributes), while JSON does not have such a concept. Another key difference is the addressing of values. JSON has objects with a simple "key" to "value" mapping, whereas in XML addressing happens on "nodes", which all receive a unique ID via the XML processor.
YAML (/ ˈ j æ m əl /, rhymes with camel [4]) was first proposed by Clark Evans in 2001, [15] who designed it together with Ingy döt Net [16] and Oren Ben-Kiki. [16]Originally YAML was said to mean Yet Another Markup Language, [17] because it was released in an era that saw a proliferation of markup languages for presentation and connectivity (HTML, XML, SGML, etc.).
MessagePack is more compact than JSON, but imposes limitations on array and integer sizes.On the other hand, it allows binary data and non-UTF-8 encoded strings. In JSON, map keys have to be strings, but in MessagePack there is no such limitation and any type can be a map key, including types like maps and arrays, and, like YAML, numbers.
Compared to JSON, BSON is designed to be efficient both in storage space and scan-speed. Large elements in a BSON document are prefixed with a length field to facilitate scanning. In some cases, BSON will use more space than JSON due to the length prefixes and explicit array indices. [2]
XPath (XML Path Language) is an expression language designed to support the query or transformation of XML documents. It was defined by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) in 1999, [1] and can be used to compute values (e.g., strings, numbers, or Boolean values) from the content of an XML document.