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This is noted in human PP cells, but different animals have been shown to have different sized granules compared to humans, like rodents. In cats and dogs, PP cells have large granules. [6] In rats, PP cells have few granules, similar to humans. In dogs, some PP cells are located in the walls of the antrum of the stomach. [3] Pancreatic Islets
Immunohistochemistry for pancreatic polypeptide in a mouse pancreas, 200×. Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) is a polypeptide secreted by PP cells in the endocrine pancreas.It is a hormone and it regulates pancreatic secretion activities, and also impacts liver glycogen storage and gastrointestinal secretion.
Small intestine, pancreas: Inhibits insulin secretion Galanin: Enteric nerves: Ghrelin: Stomach: Stimulates appetite, increases gastric emptying Glucagon-like peptide 1: Pancreas, ileum: Increases insulin secretion Glucagon-like peptide 2: Ileum, colon: Enterocyte-specific growth hormone Growth factors: Throughout the gut: Cell proliferation ...
They give rise to both the endocrine and exocrine cells. Exocrine cells constitute the acinar cells and the ductal cells. The endocrine cells constitute the beta cells which make insulin, alpha cells which secrete glucagon, delta cells which secrete somatostatin and the PP-cells which secrete pancreatic polypeptide. [3]
Enteroendocrine cells are specialized cells of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas with endocrine function. They produce gastrointestinal hormones or peptides in response to various stimuli and release them into the bloodstream for systemic effect, diffuse them as local messengers, or transmit them to the enteric nervous system to activate nervous responses.
Gastrointestinal physiology is the branch of human physiology that addresses the physical function of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.The function of the GI tract is to process ingested food by mechanical and chemical means, extract nutrients and excrete waste products.