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The noise equivalent bandwidth (or equivalent noise bandwidth (enbw)) of a system of frequency response is the bandwidth of an ideal filter with rectangular frequency response centered on the system's central frequency that produces the same average power outgoing () when both systems are excited with a white noise source. The value of the ...
The sensitivity depends on parameters like bandwidth BW or integration time τ=1/(2BW) (as explained here: NEP), because noise level can be reduced by signal averaging, usually resulting in a reduction of the noise amplitude as / where is the integration time over which the signal is averaged.
[A] [3] The more the leakage, the greater the bandwidth. It is sometimes called noise equivalent bandwidth or equivalent noise bandwidth, because it is proportional to the average power that will be registered by each DFT bin when the input signal contains a random noise component (or is just random noise).
Noise-equivalent power (NEP) is a measure of the sensitivity of a photodetector or detector system. It is defined as the signal power that gives a signal-to-noise ratio of one in a one hertz output bandwidth. [1] An output bandwidth of one hertz is equivalent to half a second of integration time. [2] The units of NEP are watts per square root ...
Noise reduction, the recovery of the original signal from the noise-corrupted one, is a very common goal in the design of signal processing systems, especially filters. The mathematical limits for noise removal are set by information theory .
Different types of noise are generated by different devices and different processes. Thermal noise is unavoidable at non-zero temperature (see fluctuation-dissipation theorem), while other types depend mostly on device type (such as shot noise, [1] [3] which needs a steep potential barrier) or manufacturing quality and semiconductor defects, such as conductance fluctuations, including 1/f noise.
The consumed bandwidth in bit/s, corresponds to achieved throughput or goodput, i.e., the average rate of successful data transfer through a communication path.The consumed bandwidth can be affected by technologies such as bandwidth shaping, bandwidth management, bandwidth throttling, bandwidth cap, bandwidth allocation (for example bandwidth allocation protocol and dynamic bandwidth ...
This way the noise covers a bandwidth that is much wider than the signal itself. The resulting signal influence relies mainly on the filtering of the noise. To describe the signal quality without taking the receiver into account, the optical SNR (OSNR) is used. The OSNR is the ratio between the signal power and the noise power in a given bandwidth.