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Islamic and Mujédar stucco decoration followed the main types of ornamentation in Islamic art: geometric, arabesque or vegetal, and calligraphic motifs. [ 3 ] [ 2 ] Three-dimensional muqarnas was often also carved in stucco, [ 24 ] [ 7 ] most typically found as transitional elements on vaults, domes, capitals, friezes, and doorways.
In the western Islamic world, muqarnas decoration was definitively introduced during the reign of the Almoravid emir Ali ibn Yusuf. [ 1 ] [ 36 ] The earliest examples, although limited to small details of larger domes, are found in the Almoravid Qubba in Marrakesh , Morocco, built probably in 1117 or 1125, [ 36 ] [ 37 ] and in the stucco ...
Islamic ornament is the use of decorative forms and patterns in Islamic art and Islamic architecture. Its elements can be broadly divided into the arabesque , using curving plant-based elements, geometric patterns with straight lines or regular curves, and calligraphy , consisting of religious texts with stylized appearance, used both ...
Their architectural style was also distinguished by increasingly elaborate decoration, which began with pre-existing traditions like stucco and glass mosaics but eventually favoured carved stone and marble mosaic paneling. Among the most distinguished achievements of Mamluk architecture were their ornate minarets and the carved stone domes of ...
The patterns cut into the stucco surface at an angle. This is the first and purest example of the arabesque. [20] It may represent a deliberate attempt to make an abstract form of decoration that avoids depiction of living things, and this may explain its rapid adoption throughout the Muslim world. [22]
Example of carved stucco with calligraphic decoration in the Bou Inania Madrasa of Fes Close-up of the 12th-century bronze overlays on Bab al-Gna'iz, one of the doorways of the Qarawiyyin Mosque. A very prominent and distinctive element of Moroccan and Moorish architecture is its heavy use of carved stucco for decoration across walls and ceilings.
There are 149 winding steps to reach the upper floor. The structure is also known for its profusion of stucco decorations and the arrangement of balustrades and balconies. [18] The structure is made of granite, limestone, mortar, and pulverised marble, weighing approximately 14,000 tones apiece. [19]
The mosque had 17 aisles, and its walls were paneled with mosaics of dark blue glass. It was part of an extension of Samarra eastwards. The art and architecture of the mosque were influential; stucco carvings within the mosque in floral and geometric designs represent early Islamic decoration.