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Culverts come in many sizes and shapes including round, elliptical, flat-bottomed, open-bottomed, pear-shaped, and box-like constructions. The culvert type and shape selection is based on a number of factors including requirements for hydraulic performance, limitations on upstream water surface elevation, and roadway embankment height. [2]
The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT / ˈ t ɛ k s. d ɒ t /) is a Texas state government agency responsible for construction and maintenance of the state's immense state highway system and the support of the state's maritime, aviation, rail, and public transportation systems.
Invert level affects flow from drainage pipes. In civil engineering, the invert level is the base interior level of a pipe, trench or tunnel; it can be considered the "floor" level. [1]
Headwall and corrie lake Cwm Idwal. In physical geography and geology, the headwall of a glacial cirque is its highest cliff.The term has been more broadly used to describe similar geomorphic features of non-glacial origin consisting of a concave depression with convergent slopes typically of 65 percent or greater forming the upper end of a drainage valley.
The vertical hard basin drop structure, also called a dissipation wall, is the basic type of drop structure.The vertical hard basin drop consists of a vertical cutoff wall, usually built of concrete, that is usually laid perpendicular to the stream flow, and an impact basin, not unlike a stream pool, to catch the discharged water.
Highway engineering (also known as roadway engineering and street engineering) is a professional engineering discipline branching from the civil engineering subdiscipline of transportation engineering that involves the planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of roads, highways, streets, bridges, and tunnels to ensure safe and effective transportation of people and goods.
Small stoplogs. Stoplogs are hydraulic engineering control elements that are used in floodgates to adjust the water level or discharge in a river, canal, or reservoir.Stoplogs are designed to cut off or stop flow through a conduit.
While bulkheads may serve their purpose to slow erosion at a bluff or beachfront, they commonly cause a domino effect of change to the beach profile. The increased wave reflection caused by their presence can result in an increased re-suspension of sand in the water in front of the bulkhead.