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Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA, or DEXA [1]) is a means of measuring bone mineral density (BMD) with spectral imaging. Two X-ray beams, with different energy levels, are aimed at the patient's bones. When soft tissue absorption is subtracted, the bone mineral density (BMD) can be determined from the absorption of each beam by bone. Dual ...
A scanner used to measure bone density using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bone density, or bone mineral density, is the amount of bone mineral in bone tissue.The concept is of mass of mineral per volume of bone (relating to density in the physics sense), although clinically it is measured by proxy according to optical density per square centimetre of bone surface upon imaging. [1]
In contrast, 70% of the patients with the pre-surgery test result "No Obstruction" had a non-successful surgery outcome. [ 29 ] [ 27 ] If BPH with obstruction additionally presents with overactive bladder (OAB), which is the case in about 50% of patients, [ 30 ] this latter symptom (OAB) persists even post-surgery in about 20% of patients.
The World Health Organization (WHO) published the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist in 2008 in order to increase the safety of patients undergoing surgery. [1] The checklist serves to remind the surgical team of important items to be performed before and after the surgical procedure in order to reduce adverse events such as surgical site infections or retained instruments. [1]
The Nuss procedure is a minimally invasive procedure, invented in 1987 by Dr. Donald Nuss and his colleagues, Dr. Daniel Croitoru and Dr. Robert Kelly, for treating pectus excavatum. [1] [2] [3] He developed it at Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, in Norfolk, Virginia. The operation typically takes approximately two hours. [4]: 1277
With the advent of implant dentistry, more dental patients are undergoing therapies in the oral cavity that involve bone healing, such as surgical implant placement and bone grafting procedures. In order to evaluate the risk of osteonecrosis for a patient taking bisphosphonates, use of the CTX biomarker was introduced in 2000 by Rosen.
Surgery as a treatment was first carried out in 1925. [32] The United States prevalence of primary hyperparathyroidism from 2010 was 233 per 100,000 women and 85 per 100,000 men. Black and white women aged 70–79 have the highest overall prevalence. [62]
An important consideration in the decision to perform any surgical procedure is to weigh the benefits against the risks. Anesthesiologists and surgeons employ various methods in assessing whether a patient is in optimal condition from a medical standpoint prior to undertaking surgery, and various statistical tools are available.