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Catheter ablation is a procedure that uses radio-frequency energy or other sources to terminate or modify a faulty electrical pathway from sections of the heart of those who are prone to developing cardiac arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
The Cox maze procedure, also known as maze procedure, is a type of heart surgery for atrial fibrillation. "Maze" refers to the series of incisions arranged in a maze -like pattern in the atria . Today, various methods of minimally invasive maze procedures, collectively named minimaze procedures , are used.
Atrial fibrillation frequently results from bursts of tachycardia that originate in muscle bundles extending from the atrium to the pulmonary veins. [4] Pulmonary vein isolation ablation technology has used thermal methods (radiofrequency ablation or, less often, cryoablation) to destroy pulmonary vein cells. [5]
Surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation with off-pump, epicardial, high-intensity focused ultrasound: Although the HIFU minimaze is performed epicardially, on the normally beating heart, it is also usually performed in conjunction with other cardiac surgery, and so would not be minimally invasive in those cases.
The Mustard procedure was developed in 1963 by Dr. William Mustard at the Hospital for Sick Children.It is similar to the previous atrial baffle used with a Senning procedure, the primary difference being that the Mustard uses a graft made of Dacron or pericardium, while the Senning uses native heart tissue.
a stimulator to electrically excite the heart and control the heart rate; ablation equipment to destroy abnormal tissue; an electroanatomic mapping system that tracks and records the catheter position in 3D and associated electrical signals; ready access to cardiac medications such as adenosine, atropine, dopamine, and isoproterenol
Atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk of heart failure, dementia, and stroke. [3] [12] It is a type of supraventricular tachycardia. [14] Atrial fibrillation frequently results from bursts of tachycardia that originate in muscle bundles extending from the atrium to the pulmonary veins. [15]
Vagal maneuvers, or a procedure known as catheter ablation, may be effective in certain types. [5] For atrial fibrillation, calcium channel blockers or beta blockers may be used for rate control, and selected patients benefit from blood thinners (anticoagulants) such as warfarin or novel anticoagulants. [5]
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