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1: 4 Monitor status since DTCs cleared. (Includes malfunction indicator lamp (MIL), status and number of DTCs, components tests, DTC readiness checks) Bit encoded. See below: 02: 2: 2 DTC that caused freeze frame to be stored. Decoded as in service 3: 03: 3: 2 Fuel system status Bit encoded. See below: 04: 4: 1 Calculated engine load 0 100 %
Service / Mode $03 lists the emission-related "confirmed" diagnostic trouble codes stored. It either displays numeric, 4 digit codes identifying the faults or maps them to a letter (P, B, U, C) plus 4 digits. See #OBD-II_diagnostic_trouble_codes. Service / Mode $04 is used to clear emission-related diagnostic information. This includes clearing ...
Unified Diagnostic Services (UDS) is a diagnostic communication protocol used in electronic control units (ECUs) within automotive electronics, which is specified in the ISO 14229-1. [1] It is derived from ISO 14230-3 ( KWP2000 ) and the now obsolete ISO 15765 -3 (Diagnostic Communication over Controller Area Network (DoCAN) [ 2 ] ).
Provides the aircraft's pressure altitude and is usually combined with Mode 3/A to provide a combination of a 4-digit octal code and altitude as Mode 3 A/C, often referred to as Mode A and C [2] 4: Provides a 3-pulse reply, delay is based on the encrypted challenge [1] 5: Provides a cryptographically secured version of Mode S and ADS-B GPS ...
The LMM (engine code "6") debuted part way through 2007 and ended production with the start of the 2011 calendar year and is mated to the 6-speed Allison transmission. The LMM was the only Duramax offered for model years 2007–2010. [6] A version was used in the Trident Iceni. [7]
Direct torque control (DTC) is one method used in variable-frequency drives to control the torque (and thus finally the speed) of three-phase AC electric motors. This involves calculating an estimate of the motor's magnetic flux and torque based on the measured voltage and current of the motor.
The code-rate is hence a real number. A low code-rate close to zero implies a strong code that uses many redundant bits to achieve a good performance, while a large code-rate close to 1 implies a weak code. The redundant bits that protect the information have to be transferred using the same communication resources that they are trying to protect.
Morse code is called the original digital mode. Radio telegraphy, designed for machine-to-machine communication is the direct on / off keying of a continuous wave carrier by Morse code symbols, often called amplitude-shift keying or ASK, may be considered to be an amplitude modulated mode of communications, and is rightfully considered the first digital data mode.