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Mann–Whitney test (also called the Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon (MWW/MWU), Wilcoxon rank-sum test, or Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test) is a nonparametric statistical test of the null hypothesis that, for randomly selected values X and Y from two populations, the probability of X being greater than Y is equal to the probability of Y being greater than X.
Probability of superiority. The probability of superiority or common language effect size is the probability that, when sampling a pair of observations from two groups, the observation from the second group will be larger than the sample from the first group. It is used to describe a difference between two groups.
The Kruskal–Wallis test' by ranks, Kruskal–Wallis test (named after William Kruskal and W. Allen Wallis), or one-way ANOVA on ranks is a non-parametric statistical test for testing whether samples originate from the same distribution. [ 1 ][ 2 ][ 3 ] It is used for comparing two or more independent samples of equal or different sample sizes.
The rank-biserial is the correlation used with the Mann–Whitney U test, a method commonly covered in introductory college courses on statistics. The data for this test consists of two groups; and for each member of the groups, the outcome is ranked for the study as a whole.
In statistics, the Hodges–Lehmann estimator is a robust and nonparametric estimator of a population's location parameter. For populations that are symmetric about one median, such as the Gaussian or normal distribution or the Student t -distribution, the Hodges–Lehmann estimator is a consistent and median-unbiased estimate of the population ...
Siegel–Tukey test. Siegel–Tukey test, named after Sidney Siegel and John Tukey, is a non-parametric test which may be applied to data measured at least on an ordinal scale. It tests for differences in scale between two groups. The test is used to determine if one of two groups of data tends to have more widely dispersed values than the other.
In statistical theory, a U-statistic is a class of statistics defined as the average over the application of a given function applied to all tuples of a fixed size. The letter "U" stands for unbiased. In elementary statistics, U-statistics arise naturally in producing minimum-variance unbiased estimators. The theory of U-statistics allows a ...
When categorical data has only two possibilities, it is called binary or dichotomous. [ 1 ] Assumptions, parametric and non-parametric: There are two groups of statistical tests, parametric and non-parametric. The choice between these two groups needs to be justified. Parametric tests assume that the data follow a particular distribution ...