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For example, 20 apples divide into five groups of four apples, meaning that "twenty divided by five is equal to four". This is denoted as 20 / 5 = 4 , or 20 / 5 = 4 . [ 2 ] In the example, 20 is the dividend, 5 is the divisor, and 4 is the quotient.
Long division is the standard algorithm used for pen-and-paper division of multi-digit numbers expressed in decimal notation. It shifts gradually from the left to the right end of the dividend, subtracting the largest possible multiple of the divisor (at the digit level) at each stage; the multiples then become the digits of the quotient, and the final difference is then the remainder.
These names reflect a basic concept in number theory, the 2-order of an integer: how many times the integer can be divided by 2. Specifically, the 2-order of a nonzero integer n is the maximum integer value k such that n/2 k is an integer. This is equivalent to the multiplicity of 2 in the prime factorization.
An orange that has been sliced into two halves. In mathematics, division by two or halving has also been called mediation or dimidiation. [1] The treatment of this as a different operation from multiplication and division by other numbers goes back to the ancient Egyptians, whose multiplication algorithm used division by two as one of its fundamental steps. [2]
14 has an aliquot sum of 8, within an aliquot sequence of two composite numbers (14, 8, 7, 1, 0) in the prime 7-aliquot tree. 14 is the third companion Pell number and the fourth Catalan number . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is the lowest even n {\displaystyle n} for which the Euler totient φ ( x ) = n {\displaystyle \varphi (x)=n} has no solution, making ...
The basic rule for divisibility by 4 is that if the number formed by the last two digits in a number is divisible by 4, the original number is divisible by 4; [2] [3] this is because 100 is divisible by 4 and so adding hundreds, thousands, etc. is simply adding another number that is divisible by 4. If any number ends in a two digit number that ...
n 5 n 4 n 3 4 4 0 s 4 s 3 s 2 4 4 4 1 But the same reasoning again applies to N' as applied to N, so the next digit of N' is 4, so s 2 and n 3 are also 4, etc. There are 5 divisions; the first four must leave an odd number base 5 in the pile for the next division, but the last division must leave an even number base 5 so the morning division ...
In mathematics, divided differences is an algorithm, historically used for computing tables of logarithms and trigonometric functions. [citation needed] Charles Babbage's difference engine, an early mechanical calculator, was designed to use this algorithm in its operation. [1] Divided differences is a recursive division process.