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In medicine, an avulsion is an injury in which a body structure is torn off by either trauma or surgery (from the Latin avellere, meaning "to tear off"). [1] The term most commonly refers to a surface trauma where all layers of the skin have been torn away, exposing the underlying structures (i.e., subcutaneous tissue , muscle , tendons , or ...
Flap surgery is a technique in plastic and reconstructive surgery where tissue with an intact blood supply is lifted from a donor site and moved to a recipient site. Flaps are distinct from grafts, which do not have an intact blood supply and relies on the growth of new blood vessels. Flaps are done to fill a defect such as a wound resulting ...
Patients with skin that has died, necrosed, will often need the dead tissue cut out by a surgeon. [8] Depending on how much tissue is removed, a patient may need reconstructive surgery. [8] Reconstruction can include skin grafts or flaps. [7] Skin grafting and flap procedures use the patient’s own healthy soft tissues to heal a wound.
The flap is incised and elevated over the periosteum from distal to proximal. [1] The flap consists of skin, subcutaneous tissue, fat and frontalis muscle and is not thinned. When reaching the brow, all of the skin borders are incised and the flap is carefully released. [1] The full-thickness flap is then sutured into the defect without tension.
Otoplasty (surgery of the ear) was developed in ancient India and is described in the medical compendium, the Sushruta Samhita (Sushruta's Compendium, c. 500 AD).The book discussed otoplastic and other plastic surgery techniques and procedures for correcting, repairing and reconstructing ears, noses, lips, and genitalia that were amputated as criminal, religious, and military punishments.
After the insertion of a drainage tube for 1 or 2 days, the skin wound on the back of the ear is sutured. Occasionally the newly formed antihelix is additionally fixed with outer mattress sutures that are made over small swabs so that they don’t cut into the skin. Dressing is usually applied for 1 or 2 weeks. [citation needed]
Anterolateral thigh flap (ALT flap) Musculocutaneous: Free flap/Interpolation: Abdominal wall [1] / Open tibial fractures / Esophageal reconstruction [2] Becker flap: Fasciocutaneous: Interpolation: Hand reconstruction Deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap [3] Cutaneous: Free flap: Free flap breast reconstruction: Dufourmental flap ...
The length and angle of each flap are usually the same to avoid mismatched flaps that may be difficult to close. Some possible complications of Z-plasty include flap necrosis, haematoma (blood clot) formation under the flaps, wound infection, trapdoor effect and sloughing (necrosis) of the flap caused by wound tension and inadequate blood supply.