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  2. Invertible matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invertible_matrix

    Although an explicit inverse is not necessary to estimate the vector of unknowns, it is the easiest way to estimate their accuracy, found in the diagonal of a matrix inverse (the posterior covariance matrix of the vector of unknowns). However, faster algorithms to compute only the diagonal entries of a matrix inverse are known in many cases. [19]

  3. Rotations and reflections in two dimensions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotations_and_reflections...

    Every rotation Rot(φ) has an inverse Rot(−φ). Every reflection Ref(θ) is its own inverse. Composition has closure and is associative, since matrix multiplication is associative. Notice that both Ref(θ) and Rot(θ) have been represented with orthogonal matrices. These matrices all have a determinant whose absolute value is unity. Rotation ...

  4. General linear group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_linear_group

    In mathematics, the general linear group of degree n is the set of n×n invertible matrices, together with the operation of ordinary matrix multiplication.This forms a group, because the product of two invertible matrices is again invertible, and the inverse of an invertible matrix is invertible, with the identity matrix as the identity element of the group.

  5. Moore–Penrose inverse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore–Penrose_inverse

    In mathematics, and in particular linear algebra, the Moore–Penrose inverse ⁠ + ⁠ of a matrix ⁠ ⁠, often called the pseudoinverse, is the most widely known generalization of the inverse matrix. [1] It was independently described by E. H. Moore in 1920, [2] Arne Bjerhammar in 1951, [3] and Roger Penrose in 1955. [4]

  6. Matrix (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_(mathematics)

    The identity matrix I n of size n is the n-by-n matrix in which all the elements on the main diagonal are equal to 1 and all other elements are equal to 0, for example, = [], = [], = [] It is a square matrix of order n, and also a special kind of diagonal matrix.

  7. Woodbury matrix identity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodbury_matrix_identity

    Nonsingularity of the latter requires that B −1 exist since it equals B(I + VA −1 UB) and the rank of the latter cannot exceed the rank of B. [7] Since B is invertible, the two B terms flanking the parenthetical quantity inverse in the right-hand side can be replaced with (B −1) −1, which results in the original Woodbury identity.

  8. Partial inverse of a matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial_inverse_of_a_matrix

    partial inversion preserves the space of symmetric matrices; Use of the partial inverse in numerical analysis is due to the fact that there is some flexibility in the choices of pivots, allowing for non-invertible elements to be avoided, and because the operation of rotation (of the graph of the pivoted matrix) has better numerical stability ...

  9. Involutory matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Involutory_matrix

    I is the 3 × 3 identity matrix (which is trivially involutory); R is the 3 × 3 identity matrix with a pair of interchanged rows; S is a signature matrix. Any block-diagonal matrices constructed from involutory matrices will also be involutory, as a consequence of the linear independence of the blocks.