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Church architecture refers to the architecture of Christian buildings, such as churches, chapels, convents, seminaries, etc.It has evolved over the two thousand years of the Christian religion, partly by innovation and partly by borrowing other architectural styles as well as responding to changing beliefs, practices and local traditions.
In medieval traditions, it was the east end of the building. [3] Buttress: Large stone pier holding the roof vaults in place. [3] A buttress may be visible as in the Gothic flying buttress, or it may be hidden in the complex of aisles and galleries. [2] Cathedral: The home church of a bishop, which contains the cathedra or bishop's chair. [2]
A building that is designated as a basilica might be a cathedral, a collegiate or monastic church, a parish church, or a shrine. The four so-called "Major Basilicas" are four churches of Rome of 4th century foundation, St John Lateran , Santa Maria Maggiore , St Peter's Basilica , and the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls . [ 9 ]
The nave (/ n eɪ v /) is the central part of a church, stretching from the (normally western) main entrance or rear wall, to the transepts, or in a church without transepts, to the chancel. [1] [2] When a church contains side aisles, as in a basilica-type building, the strict definition of the term "nave" is restricted to the central aisle. [1]
A church, church building, or church house is a building used for Christian worship services and other Christian religious activities. The earliest identified Christian church is a house church founded between 233 AD and 256 AD. [1] Sometimes, the word church is used erroneously to refer to the buildings of other religions, such as mosques and ...
A transept (with two semitransepts) is a transverse part of any building, which lies across the main body of the building. [1] In cruciform ("cross-shaped") churches, in particular within the Romanesque and Gothic Christian church architectural traditions, a transept is an area set crosswise to the nave. Each half of a transept is known as a ...
[12] [13] (The Anglican Church does not function as the established church in Scotland.) In Roman Catholic Church canon law, a chapel, technically called an "oratory", is a building or part thereof dedicated to the celebration of services, particularly the Mass, which is not a parish church. This may be a private chapel, for the use of one ...
Church buildings embodying the functions of a cathedral first appeared in Italy, Gaul, Spain, and North Africa in the 4th century, but cathedrals did not become universal within the Western Catholic Church until the 12th century, by which time they had developed architectural forms, institutional structures, and legal identities distinct from ...