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Informally, a message authentication code system consists of three algorithms: A key generation algorithm selects a key from the key space uniformly at random. A MAC generation algorithm efficiently returns a tag given the key and the message. A verifying algorithm efficiently verifies the authenticity of the message given the same key and the tag.
Message authentication or data origin authentication is an information security property that indicates that a message has not been modified while in transit (data integrity) and that the receiving party can verify the source of the message. [1] Message authentication does not necessarily include the property of non-repudiation. [2] [3]
In the early 1990s, the NPL developed three formal specifications of the MAA: one in Z, [11] one in LOTOS, [12] and one in VDM. [13] [14] The VDM specification became part of the 1992 revision of the International Standard 8731-2, and three implementations were manually derived from that latter specification: C, Miranda, and Modula-2. [15]
Email authentication is a necessary first step towards identifying the origin of messages, and thereby making policies and laws more enforceable. Hinging on domain ownership is a stance that emerged in the early 2000. [3] [4] It implies a coarse-grained authentication, given that domains appear on the right part of email addresses, after the at ...
Authenticated Encryption (AE) is an encryption scheme which simultaneously assures the data confidentiality (also known as privacy: the encrypted message is impossible to understand without the knowledge of a secret key [1]) and authenticity (in other words, it is unforgeable: [2] the encrypted message includes an authentication tag that the sender can calculate only while possessing the ...
In a digital signature system, a sender can use a private key together with a message to create a signature. Anyone with the corresponding public key can verify whether the signature matches the message, but a forger who does not know the private key cannot find any message/signature pair that will pass verification with the public key. [5] [6] [7]
Entity authentication; Symmetric encryption and message authentication material construction; Secured application-level data transport; Non-repudiation methods; Secret sharing methods; Secure multi-party computation; For example, Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a cryptographic protocol that is used to secure web connections. [2]
The Horton principle becomes important when using message authentication codes (or MACs) in a cryptographic system.Suppose Alice wants to send a message to Bob, and she uses a MAC to authenticate a message m that was made by concatenating three data fields, where m := a || b || c.