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  2. String interning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_interning

    Historically, the data structure used as a string intern pool was called an oblist (when it was implemented as a linked list) or an obarray (when it was implemented as an array). Modern Lisp dialects typically distinguish symbols from strings; interning a given string returns an existing symbol or creates a new one, whose name is that string ...

  3. Comparison of programming languages (string functions)

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_programming...

    Number of UTF-16 code units: Java (string-length string) Scheme (length string) Common Lisp, ISLISP (count string) Clojure: String.length string: OCaml: size string: Standard ML: length string: Number of Unicode code points Haskell: string.length: Number of UTF-16 code units Objective-C (NSString * only) string.characters.count: Number of ...

  4. Primality test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primality_test

    A primality test is an algorithm for determining whether an input number is prime.Among other fields of mathematics, it is used for cryptography.Unlike integer factorization, primality tests do not generally give prime factors, only stating whether the input number is prime or not.

  5. Luhn algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm

    The check digit is computed as follows: Drop the check digit from the number (if it's already present). This leaves the payload. Start with the payload digits. Moving from right to left, double every second digit, starting from the last digit. If doubling a digit results in a value > 9, subtract 9 from it (or sum its digits).

  6. Comparison of programming languages (basic instructions ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_programming...

    Generally, var, var, or var is how variable names or other non-literal values to be interpreted by the reader are represented. The rest is literal code. Guillemets (« and ») enclose optional sections.

  7. Standard streams - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_streams

    Standard input is a stream from which a program reads its input data. The program requests data transfers by use of the read operation. Not all programs require stream input. For example, the dir and ls programs (which display file names contained in a directory) may take command-line arguments, but perform their operations without any stream ...

  8. Switch statement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switch_statement

    case input when Array then puts 'input is an Array!' when Hash then puts 'input is a Hash!' end Ruby also returns a value that can be assigned to a variable, and doesn’t actually require the case to have any parameters (acting a bit like an else if statement):

  9. Python syntax and semantics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_syntax_and_semantics

    For example, one could define a dictionary having a string "toast" mapped to the integer 42 or vice versa. The keys in a dictionary must be of an immutable Python type, such as an integer or a string, because under the hood they are implemented via a hash function. This makes for much faster lookup times, but requires keys not change.