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The book traces the origins of the idea of individual differences in general mental ability to 19th century researchers Herbert Spencer and Francis Galton. Charles Spearman is credited for inventing factor analysis in the early 20th century, which enabled statistical testing of the hypothesis that general mental ability is required in all mental efforts.
A person's motor system (that controls movement of the body) is activated when (1) they observe manipulable objects, (2) process action verbs, and (3) observe another individual's movements. [ 2 ] Embodied semantics is one of two theories concerning the location and processing of sensory motors inputs within the human brain.
His research not only led him to develop the concept of the g factor of general intelligence, but also the s factor of specific intellectual abilities. [2] L. Thurstone , Howard Gardner , and Robert Sternberg also researched the structure of intelligence, and in analyzing their data, concluded that a single underlying factor was influencing the ...
The g factor [a] is a construct developed in psychometric investigations of cognitive abilities and human intelligence.It is a variable that summarizes positive correlations among different cognitive tasks, reflecting the assertion that an individual's performance on one type of cognitive task tends to be comparable to that person's performance on other kinds of cognitive tasks.
The subsequent formulation was that the magnitude of the black-white difference on tests of cognitive ability is entirely or mainly a function of the extent to which a test measures general mental ability, or g. [2] Spearman's hypothesis has been criticized on methodological and empirical grounds. It has also been used to support scientific racism.
The motor theory of speech perception argues that behind the sounds we hear are the intended movements of the vocal tract that pronounces them. The hypothesis has its origins in research using pattern playback to create reading machines for the blind that would substitute sounds for orthographic letters. [6]
Ellis Paul Torrance (October 8, 1915 [2] – July 12, 2003) was an American psychologist best known for his research in creativity. After completing his undergraduate degree at Mercer University, Torrance acquired a Master's degree at the University of Minnesota and then a doctorate from the University of Michigan. His teaching career spanned ...
The AGCT was described as a test of general learning ability, and was used by the Army and Marine Corps to assign recruits to military jobs. About 12 million recruits were tested using the AGCT during World War II, [2] [3] the NGCT was used by the Navy to assign recruits to military jobs sailors were tested using the NGCT during World War II ...