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These may be metal salts containing chloride ion such as sodium chloride, or more covalent chlorides of metals or nonmetals such as titanium(IV) chloride or thionyl chloride. See also [ edit ]
In addition, calcium chloride is widely used as a de-icer, since it is effective in lowering the melting point when applied to ice. [23] Examples of covalently-bonded chlorides are phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus pentachloride, and thionyl chloride, all three of which are reactive chlorinating reagents that have been used in a laboratory.
Alkenes react with hydrogen chloride (HCl) to give alkyl chlorides. For example, the industrial production of chloroethane proceeds by the reaction of ethylene with HCl: [citation needed] H 2 C=CH 2 + HCl → CH 3 CH 2 Cl. In oxychlorination, hydrogen chloride instead of the more expensive chlorine is used for the same purpose:
In organic chemistry, an acyl chloride (or acid chloride) is an organic compound with the functional group −C(=O)Cl. Their formula is usually written R−COCl, where R is a side chain. They are reactive derivatives of carboxylic acids (R−C(=O)OH). A specific example of an acyl chloride is acetyl chloride, CH 3 COCl.
Actinium(III) chloride – AcCl 3; Aluminium chloride – AlCl 3; Americium(III) chloride – AmCl 3; Ammonium chloride – [NH 4]Cl; Antimony(III) chloride – SbCl 3; Antimony(V) chloride – SbCl 5; Arsenic(III) chloride – AsCl 3; Barium chloride – BaCl 2; Beryllium chloride – BeCl 2; Bismuth(III) chloride – BiCl 3; Boron trichloride ...
Heteroleptic complexes containing chloride are numerous. Most hydrated metal halides are members of this class. Hexamminecobalt(III) chloride and Cisplatin (cis-Pt(NH 3) 2 Cl 2) are prominent examples of metal-ammine-chlorides.
[100] [101] For example, MgCl 2 is named magnesium chloride, and Na 2 SO 4 is named sodium sulfate (SO 2− 4, sulfate, is an example of a polyatomic ion). To obtain the empirical formula from these names, the stoichiometry can be deduced from the charges on the ions, and the requirement of overall charge neutrality. [102]
Examples of such salts include N-ethylpyridinium bromide and aluminium chloride mix, discovered in 1951, [10] and ethylammonium nitrate discovered by Paul Walden. Other ionic liquids take advantage of asymmetrical quaternary ammonium cations like alkylated imidazolium ions, and large, branched anions like the bistriflimide ion.