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Phytomenadione, also known as vitamin K 1 or phylloquinone, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement. [6] [7] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [8] It is used to treat certain bleeding disorders, [7] including warfarin overdose, vitamin K deficiency, and obstructive jaundice. [7]
Additional risk factors include 1) infants who never got a vitamin K shot at birth, even more so if they were solely breastfed, 2) infants who had mothers taking medications to treat seizures since these affect how the body uses vitamin K, 3) infants with diarrhea, cystic fibrosis, and celiac disease because this makes it hard to absorb ...
Newborn infants have low stores of vitamin K, and human breast milk has low concentrations of the vitamin. This combination can lead to vitamin K deficiency and later onset bleeding. Vitamin K deficiency leads to the risk of blood coagulation problems due to impaired production of clotting factors II, VII, IX, X, protein C and protein S by the ...
The blood clotting factors of newborn babies are roughly 30–60% that of adult values; this appears to be a consequence of poor transfer of the vitamin across the placenta, and thus low fetal plasma vitamin K. [19] Occurrence of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in the first week of the infant's life is estimated at between 1 in 60 and 1 in 250.
Vitamin K 1-deficiency may occur by disturbed intestinal uptake (such as would occur in a bile duct obstruction), by therapeutic or accidental intake of a vitamin K 1-antagonist such as warfarin, or, very rarely, by nutritional vitamin K 1 deficiency. As a result, Gla-residues are inadequately formed and the Gla-proteins are insufficiently active.
The compound is variously known as vitamin K 3 [7] and provitamin K 3. [8] Proponents of the latter name generally argue that the compound is not a real vitamin due to its artificial status (prior to its identification as a circulating intermediate) and its lack of a 3-methyl side chain preventing it from exerting all the functions (specifically, it cannot act as a cofactor for GGCX in vitro ...