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Superfluidity is the characteristic property of a fluid with zero viscosity which therefore flows without any loss of kinetic energy. When stirred, a superfluid forms vortices that continue to rotate indefinitely. Superfluidity occurs in two isotopes of helium (helium-3 and helium-4) when they are liquefied by cooling to cryogenic temperatures.
Known as a major facet in the study of quantum hydrodynamics and macroscopic quantum phenomena, the superfluidity effect was discovered by Pyotr Kapitsa [3] and John F. Allen, and Don Misener [4] in 1937. Onnes possibly observed the superfluid phase transition on August 2, 1911, the same day that he observed superconductivity in mercury. [5]
1937 – Superfluidity is discovered in helium-4 by Pyotr Kapitsa [55] and independently by John F. Allen and Don Misener. [56] 1937 – Lev Landau introduces Landau theory of phase transitions. 1940-1941 – László Tisza and Landau introduce the two-fluid model for helium. 1941 – Landau introduces the concept of second sound in condensed ...
Scientists have officially spotted characteristics of superfluidity (a quantum fluid with zero viscosity) inside a two-dimensional supersolid for the first time.
Richard Phillips Feynman (/ ˈ f aɪ n m ə n /; May 11, 1918 – February 15, 1988) was an American theoretical physicist.He is best known for his work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics, the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, and in particle physics, for which he proposed the parton model.
Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (Dutch: [ˈɦɛikə ˈkaːmərlɪŋ ˈɔnəs]; 21 September 1853 – 21 February 1926) was a Dutch physicist.After studying in Groningen and Heidelberg, he became professor of experimental physics at the University of Leiden where he taught from 1882 to 1923.
1937 – Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa and John Frank Allen/Don Misener discover superfluidity [12] [13] 1941 – Lev Davidovich Landau explains superfluidity [14] [15] 1942 – Hannes Alfvén predicts magnetohydrodynamic waves in plasmas [16] 1944 – Lars Onsager publishes the exact solution to the two-dimensional Ising model [17]
In 1938, Russian physicist Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa discovered that helium-4 has almost no viscosity at temperatures near absolute zero, a phenomenon now called superfluidity. [65] This phenomenon is related to Bose–Einstein condensation.