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Metal diffusion: Caused by high electrical currents or voltages at elevated temperatures, metal diffusion can move metal atoms from the electrodes into the active region. Some materials, notably indium tin oxide and silver , are subject to electromigration which causes leakage current and non-radiative recombination along the chip edges.
Symbol for an ESD protection device – EPA Alternate warning symbol Symbol of an ESD grounding point for all components. An electrostatic-sensitive device (often abbreviated ESD) is any component (primarily electrical) which can be damaged by common static charges which build up on people, tools, and other non-conductors or semiconductors. [1]
A charged device model (CDM) test is used to define the ESD a device can withstand when the device itself has an electrostatic charge and discharges due to metal contact. This discharge type is the most common type of ESD in electronic devices and causes most of the ESD damages in their manufacturing.
IEC 61000-4-2 is the International Electrotechnical Commission's immunity standard on electrostatic discharge (ESD). The publication is one of the basic EMC standards of the IEC 61000–4 series. The European equivalent of the standard is called EN 61000-4-2. The current version of the IEC standard is the second edition dated 2008-12-09. [1]
< 10 −3: 10 −3 to 1 1 to 10 3: 10 3 to 10 6: 10 6 to 10 9: 10 9 to 10 12 > 10 13: Material Metals: Carbons: Shielding Conductive Static Dissipative Anti-Static Insulative: Description Carbon powders and fiber: No initial charge. Provides path for charge to bleed off. Typically black color. No or low initial charge. Prevents discharge to or ...
Conductive antistatic bags are manufactured with a layer of conductive metal, often aluminum, [3] and a dielectric layer of plastic [2] covered in a static dissipative coating. This forms both a shield and a non-conductive barrier, shielding the contents from static charge via the Faraday cage effect.
ESD is treated as a small, localized phenomenon, although technically a lightning flash is a very large ESD event. ESD can also be man-made, as in the shock received from a Van de Graaff generator. An ESD event can damage electronic circuitry by injecting a high-voltage pulse, besides giving people an unpleasant shock.
An antistatic wrist strap, ESD wrist strap, or ground bracelet is an antistatic device used to safely ground a person working on very sensitive electronic equipment, to prevent the buildup of static electricity on their body, which can result in ESD.