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Copper-free click chemistry is a bioorthogonal reaction first developed by Carolyn Bertozzi as an activated variant of an azide alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition, based on the work by Karl Barry Sharpless et al. Unlike CuAAC, Cu-free click chemistry has been modified to be bioorthogonal by eliminating a cytotoxic copper catalyst, allowing reaction ...
Orthogonal ligand-protein pairs (also known as re-engineered ligand-receptor interfaces or re-engineered enzyme-substrate interactions) are a protein-ligand binding pair made to be independent of the original binding pair. This is done by taking a mutant protein (naturally occurring or selectively engineered), which is activated by a different ...
Orthogonal protection is a strategy allowing the specific deprotection of one protective group in a multiply-protected structure. For example, the amino acid tyrosine could be protected as a benzyl ester on the carboxyl group, a fluorenylmethylenoxy carbamate on the amine group, and a tert -butyl ether on the phenol group.
These combinations are chosen to satisfy two conditions. First, the total amount of s and p orbital contributions must be equivalent before and after hybridisation. Second, the hybrid orbitals must be orthogonal to each other. [27] [28] If two hybrid orbitals were not orthogonal, by definition they would have nonzero orbital overlap. Electrons ...
The line segments AB and CD are orthogonal to each other. In mathematics, orthogonality is the generalization of the geometric notion of perpendicularity.Whereas perpendicular is typically followed by to when relating two lines to one another (e.g., "line A is perpendicular to line B"), [1] orthogonal is commonly used without to (e.g., "orthogonal lines A and B").
Orthogonal tandem catalysis is a "one-pot reaction in which sequential catalytic processes occur through two or more functionally distinct, and preferably non-interfering, catalytic cycles". [7] This technique has been deployed in tandem alkane-dehydrogenation-olefin-metathesis catalysis [ 8 ] [ 9 ]
Another requirement to effectively use 2D liquid chromatography, according to Bushey and Jorgenson, is to employ highly orthogonal techniques which means that the two separation techniques must be as different as possible. [17] Diagram of 1-dimensional LC. An example of the spectral results of this technique is also shown. [15]
A maximal compact subgroup is a maximal subgroup amongst compact subgroups – a maximal (compact subgroup) – rather than being (alternate possible reading) a maximal subgroup that happens to be compact; which would probably be called a compact (maximal subgroup), but in any case is not the intended meaning (and in fact maximal proper subgroups are not in general compact).