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Carbon tissue was a stock item in Europe and the US well into the 20th century, [1] but by the 1950s carbon printing was very rare and supplies for it became an exotic specialty item. Some companies produced small quantities of carbon tissue and transfer papers for monochrome and three-color work until around 1990.
Carbon tissue is a gelatin-based emulsion used as a photoresist in the chemical etching (photoengraving) of gravure cylinders [1] for printing. This was introduced by British physicist and chemist Joseph Swan [2] [3] in 1864. [4] It has been used in photographic reproduction since the early days of photography. [5]
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Theodore-Henri Fresson (1865–1951) was an agronomist. He is the inventor of a photographic paper, Charbon-Satin, a type of carbon print. [1] It uses pigment rather than dye, and is generally stable. [2]
Carbon paper was the principal medium of reproduction for samizdat, a publication method used in the former Soviet Union in order to publish books without having to use state-controlled printing houses and risk the censorship or imprisonment.
Muhle et al. (1991) reported that the responses to chronically inhaled copying toner, a plastic dust pigmented with carbon black, titanium dioxide and silica, were also similar qualitatively to titanium dioxide and diesel exhaust. [10] Carbon black, one of the components of toner, is classified as "possibly carcinogenic" by the IARC.
Currently, the standard analog photographic printing process for black-and-white photographs is the gelatin silver process. [1] Standard digital processes include the pigment print, and digital laser exposures on traditional color photographic paper. [citation needed] Alternative processes often overlap with historical, or non-silver processes.
Multipart stationery is paper that is blank, or preprinted as a form to be completed, comprising a stack of several copies, either on carbonless paper or plain paper, interleaved with carbon paper. The stationery may be bound into books with tear-out sheets to be filled in manually, continuous stationery (fanfold sheet or roll) for use in ...