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Diatoms are classified as eukaryotes, organisms with a nuclear envelope-bound cell nucleus, that separates them from the prokaryotes archaea and bacteria. Diatoms are a type of plankton called phytoplankton, the most common of the plankton types. Diatoms also grow attached to benthic substrates, floating debris, and on macrophytes.
In aquaria, brown algae refers to diatom infestations. True brown algae of the class Phaeophyceae are not known nuisance plants of freshwater aquaria. Diatoms can coat every surface in an aquarium. [24] Diatom infestations are ubiquitous in hobby aquaria, and eradication is not usually worth the effort. [25]
Most Dinoflagellates have a plastid derived from secondary endosymbiosis of red algae, however dinoflagellates with plastids derived from green algae and tertiary endosymbiosis of diatoms have also been discovered. [27] Similar to other photosynthetic organisms, dinoflagellates contain chlorophylls a and c2 and the carotenoid beta-carotene.
Algae may be cultivated for the purposes of biomass production (as in a seaweed cultivator), wastewater treatment, CO 2 fixation, or aquarium/pond filtration in the form of an algae scrubber. [116] Algae bioreactors vary widely in design, falling broadly into two categories: open reactors and enclosed reactors.
Marine algae can be divided into six groups: green, red and brown algae, euglenophytes, dinoflagellates and diatoms. Dinoflagellates and diatoms are important components of marine algae and have their own sections below. Euglenophytes are a phylum of unicellular flagellates with only a few marine members. Not all algae are microscopic.
Diatoms are unique in the sense that they have valves, created by the two halves of a diatom's test. Cyclotella spp. are no exception, as they form the upper and lower portions of the wall. The girdle bands that support the valves are thin strips of silica and ultimately circumscribe the cell.