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“A system is defined as a network of interdependent components that work together to try to accomplish a specific aim.” Source: Nelson, E.C., Batalden, P.B., Godfrey, M.M. (2007) Quality by Design. A Clinical Microsystems Approach. John Wiley & Sons Inc. (p. 230) “A system is an integrated series of parts with a clearly defined goal.”
A hospital information system (HIS) is a comprehensive, integrated information system designed to manage the administrative, financial and clinical aspects of a hospital. As an area of medical informatics, the aim of hospital information system is to achieve the best possible support of patient care and administration by electronic data processing.
A clinical decision support system (CDSS) is a health information technology that provides clinicians, staff, patients, and other individuals with knowledge and person-specific information to help health and health care. CDSS encompasses a variety of tools to enhance decision-making in the clinical workflow.
A hospital information system (HIS) is an element of health informatics that focuses mainly on the administrational needs of hospitals.In many implementations, a HIS is a comprehensive, integrated information system designed to manage all the aspects of a hospital's operation, such as medical, administrative, financial, and legal issues and the corresponding processing of services.
Health information management's standards history is dated back to the introduction of the American Health Information Management Association, founded in 1928 "when the American College of Surgeons established the Association of Record Librarians of North America (ARLNA) to 'elevate the standards of clinical records in hospitals and other medical institutions.'" [3]
Healthcare information in EMRs are important sources for clinical, research, and policy questions. Health information privacy (HIP) and security has been a big concern for patients and providers. Studies in Europe evaluating electronic health information poses a threat to electronic medical records and exchange of personal information. [6]
The health information systems literature has seen the EHR as a container holding information about the patient, and a tool for aggregating clinical data for secondary uses (billing, audit, etc.). However, other research traditions see the EHR as a contextualised artifact within a socio-technical system.
Clinical data management (CDM) is a critical process in clinical research, which leads to generation of high-quality, reliable, and statistically sound data from clinical trials. [1] Clinical data management ensures collection, integration and availability of data at appropriate quality and cost.