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Human polyomavirus 2, commonly referred to as the JC virus or John Cunningham virus, is a type of human polyomavirus (formerly known as papovavirus). [3] It was identified by electron microscopy in 1965 by ZuRhein and Chou, [ 4 ] and by Silverman and Rubinstein.
A number of drugs work against JC virus in cell culture, but no proven, effective therapy is known in humans. [22] For example, Brincidofovir (1-O-hexadecyloxypropyl-cidofovir /CMX001) available as Tembexa, suppresses JCV, [ 23 ] but has been found to have toxicity at therapeutic dosage. [ 24 ]
JC virus may be a risk factor for colorectal cancer. [20] Gallbladder cancer is associated with the bacterium Salmonella Typhi. [21] Hodgkin's lymphoma is associated with Epstein-Barr virus, [22] hepatitis C virus, [23] and HIV. [24] Kaposi's Sarcoma can be caused by Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus and HIV. Liver cancer.
Polyomaviridae is a family of viruses whose natural hosts are primarily mammals and birds. [1] [2] As of 2024, there are eight recognized genera. [3]Fourteen species are known to infect humans, while others, such as Simian Virus 40, have been identified in humans to a lesser extent.
Inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs), sometimes called Idiopathic (IIDDs) due to the unknown etiology of some of them, are a heterogenous group of demyelinating diseases - conditions that cause damage to myelin, the protective sheath of nerve fibers - that occur against the background of an acute or chronic inflammatory process.
The incidence of PML in the low risk group was estimated to be 0.09 cases, or less, per 1000 patients. Patients who had taken natalizumab for longer, from 25 to 48 months, who were positive for anti–JC virus antibodies, had taken immunosuppressants before the initiation of natalizumab therapy had the highest risk of developing PML.
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In addition to HHV-6 and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Dr. Montoya has also investigated other infectious agents associated with CFS. In a study published in the journal Frontiers in Pediatrics in 2019, titled "Cytokine Signature Associated with Disease Severity in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients," Montoya and his colleagues analyzed cytokine ...