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Self-esteem has been associated with several mental health conditions, including depression, [114] anxiety, [114] and eating disorders. [115] For example, low self-esteem may increase the likelihood that people who experience dysfunctional thoughts will develop symptoms of depression. [116]
Low self-esteem may have one or many roots, depending on the individual. "Low confidence can be attributed to environmental, biological and psychological factors," says Dr. Lira de la Rosa.
Collective self-esteem described a more group-oriented idea of self-esteem. It focused more on how groups, when they are threatened or perceive to be threatened will increase bias in favor of the in-group and increase prejudice toward the out-group. [1] Crocker published a paper titled “Collective self-esteem and in-group bias.”
However, the validity of the implicit-association test and implicit self-esteem as a measure of self-esteem itself is questionable due to mixed evidence with regards to explicit self-esteem. On the one hand, researchers [ 34 ] in a detailed and comprehensive study of implicit self-esteem found the IAT to correlate weakly, yet consistently, with ...
The concept of core self-evaluations was first examined by Judge, Locke, and Durham (1997) [1] [2] and involves four personality dimensions: locus of control, neuroticism, generalized self-efficacy, and self-esteem. The trait developed as a dispositional predictor of job satisfaction, but has expanded to predict a variety of other outcomes.
A high self-esteem would be needed for this belief of control and so the need for a sense of control may be a function of self-esteem. When applying sociometer theory, it suggests that the illusion of control is an adaptive response in order to self-regulate behaviour to cultural norms and thereby provide an individual with an increased level ...
For example, individuals who are low in self-esteem, slightly depressed, or both, are more balanced in self-perceptions. [44] Likewise, these mildly depressed individuals are found to be less vulnerable to overestimations of (their) control over events [ 45 ] and to assess future circumstances in biased fashion.
For example, people with higher self-esteem appear to favour self-advancement, whereas people with lower self-esteem tend to self-protect. [10] This highlights the role of risk: to not defend oneself against negativity in favour of self-promotion offers the potential for losses, whereas whilst one may not gain outright from self-protection, one ...