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Gradients can be expressed as an angle, as feet per mile, feet per chain, 1 in n, x % or y per mille. Since designers like round figures, the method of expression can affect the gradients selected. [citation needed] A 1371-metre long stretch of railroad with a 20‰ (2%) slope, Czech Republic
Stream gradient (or stream slope) is the grade (or slope) of a stream.It is measured by the ratio of drop in elevation and horizontal distance. [1] It is a dimensionless quantity, usually expressed in units of meters per kilometer (m/km) or feet per mile (ft/mi); it may also be expressed in percent (%).
To compensate for this, the gradient should be a little less steep the sharper the curve is; the necessary grade reduction is assumed to be given by a simple formula such as 0.04 per cent per "degree of curve", the latter being a measure of curve sharpness used in the United States. On a 10-degree curve (radius 573.7 feet) the grade would thus ...
Typical values range from 2 percent for straight segments to 10 percent for sharp superelevated curves. It may also be expressed as a fraction of an inch in rise over a one-foot run (e.g. 1 ⁄ 4 inch per foot).
Balsam Mountain Grade, Balsam N.C. Balsam Mountain, home of highest railroad station east of the Rockies; average grade about 4.0%, max 4.5%. 1 of 2 grades on southern railways former Murphy branch that are +4% grade. Balsam Mountain has seen many runaways. It is still in service operated by the Blue Ridge Southern Railroad . 1 in 22 (4.5%)
The American economy expanded at a healthy 2.8% annual pace from July through September on strong consumer spending and a surge in exports, the government said Wednesday, leaving unchanged its ...
This year's 3.2% COLA was above average over the past decade, and 2023's 8.7% COLA was a record-breaker. Social Security cards. Image source: Getty Images.
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