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Dieng Volcanic Complex: 2 Indonesia: 1928 [30] 39 Taal: 4 Philippines: 2020 2020–2022 Taal Volcano eruptions: 38 Dieng Volcanic Complex: 2 Indonesia: 1786 [30] 32 Mount Nyiragongo: 1 Democratic Republic of the Congo: 2021 2021 Mount Nyiragongo eruption: 32 Kelud: 4 Indonesia: 1990 [40] 31 Bayonnaise Rocks: 2 Japan: 1952 [41] 31 Nabro Volcano ...
In a volcanic eruption, lava, volcanic bombs, ash, and various gases are expelled from a volcanic vent and fissure. While many eruptions only pose dangers to the immediately surrounding area, Earth's largest eruptions can have a major regional or even global impact, with some affecting the climate and contributing to mass extinctions.
"Volcanoes of the World: an Illustrated Catalog of Holocene Volcanoes and their Eruptions". Digital Information Series (GVP-3). Smithsonian Institution, Global Volcanism Program. Archived from the original on 2012-10-24.). Simkin T. & Siebert L. (1994). Volcanoes of the World. Geoscience Press, Tucson, 2nd edition. p. 349. ISBN 978-0-945005-12-4.
A.D. 79: Mount Vesuvius, Italy. Mount Vesuvius has erupted eight times in the last 17,000 years, most recently in 1944, but the big one was in A.D. 17. One of the most violent eruptions in history ...
The Armero tragedy, as the event came to be known, was the second-deadliest volcanic disaster of the 20th century, surpassed only by the 1902 eruption of Mount Pelée, [33] and is the fourth-deadliest volcanic eruption recorded since 1500 AD. [34] It is also the deadliest lahar, [35] and Colombia's worst natural disaster. [36]
The eruption came unexpectedly as the Sinila volcano had been considered dormant for a long time. [2] The eruption followed after seven earthquakes and an explosion. [13] Two explosions occurred within an hour of each other, causing a lahar lava flow. [10] Next to lava, toxic gas was released which could be seen, smelled or tasted. [4]
Volcano/complex Volcanic arc/belt, subregion, or hotspot Material volume (km 3) Age in Ka [1] Tephra or eruption name 6 Lolobau Island: Bismarck Volcanic Arc 50 12 caldera formation 6 Menengai: Great Rift Valley, Kenya < 25 12.3 Ruplax Tuff 6 Nevado de Toluca: Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt: 20 12.5 Upper Toluca Pumice 6 Sakurajima: Kyūshū: 11 12.8
The eruption caused a volcanic winter. During the Northern Hemisphere summer of 1816, global temperatures cooled by 0.53 °C (0.95 °F). This cooling directly or indirectly caused 90,000 deaths. The eruption of Mount Tambora was the largest cause of this climate anomaly. [22]