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Historically, multiple approaches were suggested to address the reflection of the structure in the appearance of the architectural form. In the 19th-century Germany, Karl Friedrich Schinkel suggested that the structural elements shall remain visible in the forms to create a satisfying feeling of strength and security, [3] while Karl Bötticher as part of his "tectonics" suggested splitting the ...
For example, the wide implementation of suburban railway networks and motor buses were expected to have proportionately impact the higher increases in periphery land prices. Contrastingly, it is expected that in periods of low innovation within the transport sector land values would have been proportionately higher closer to the city centre. [ 13 ]
A unique example of formal typological classification is A Pattern Language developed by Christopher Alexander. While Alexander does not focus on classifying complete buildings by type, he instead breaks down buildings into their components and then classifies those components by their essential qualities, which he calls "patterns."
Landscape architecture is the design of outdoor public areas, landmarks, and structures to achieve environmental, social-behavioral, or aesthetic outcomes. [45] It involves the systematic investigation of existing social, ecological, and soil conditions and processes in the landscape, and the design of interventions that will produce the ...
The architecture was often a mixture of styles in timber cut from local forests and stone hewn from local rocks. Most of the timber has gone, although the earthworks remain. Impressively, massive stone structures have survived for years. Neolithic 10,000–3000 BC
Ancient Greek architecture is distinguished by its highly formalised characteristics, both of structure and decoration. This is particularly so in the case of temples where each building appears to have been conceived as a sculptural entity within the landscape, most often raised on high ground so that the elegance of its proportions and the ...
The McDonnell Planetarium by Gyo Obata in St Louis, Missouri, USA, a concrete shell structure The 630 foot (192 m) high, stainless-clad (type 304) Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Missouri. A truss is a structure comprising members and connection points or nodes. When members are connected at nodes and forces are applied at nodes members can act in ...
Architectural elements are the unique details and component parts that, together, form the architectural style of houses, buildings and structures. This terminology does not include : Terms for buildings as a whole (e.g. church , mansion )