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Many other elements/motifs may be present. There is no such thing as a set of "universal elements" found in every core promoter. [23] Proximal promoter – the proximal sequence upstream of the gene that tends to contain primary regulatory elements Approximately 250 base pairs upstream of the start site; Specific transcription factor binding sites
An upstream activating sequence or upstream activation sequence (UAS) is a cis-acting regulatory sequence found in yeast like Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It is distinct from the promoter and increases the expression of a neighbouring gene .
It is also commonly called the -10 sequence or element, because it is centered roughly ten base pairs upstream from the site of initiation of transcription. The Pribnow box has a function similar to the TATA box that occurs in promoters in eukaryotes and archaea : it is recognized and bound by a subunit of RNA polymerase during initiation of ...
UBTF is a nucleolar phosphoprotein with both DNA binding and transactivation domains. Sequence-specific DNA binding to the core and upstream control elements of the human rRNA promoter is mediated through several HMG boxes. [13] [supplied by OMIM] [6] In vertebrates, UBTF plays a crucial role in maintaining rDNA chromatin in a euchromatic state.
Activator-binding sites may be located very close to the promoter or numerous base pairs away. [2] [3] If the regulatory sequence is located far away, the DNA will loop over itself (DNA looping) in order for the bound activator to interact with the transcription machinery at the promoter site. [2] [3]
This gene encodes one of the multiple subunits of the RNA polymerase III transcription factor complex required for transcription of genes with promoter elements upstream of the initiation site. The product of this gene, a TFIIB -like factor, is directly recruited to the TATA box of polymerase III small nuclear RNA gene promoters through its ...
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