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In chemistry, the haloform reaction (also referred to as the Lieben haloform reaction) is a chemical reaction in which a haloform (CHX 3, where X is a halogen) is produced by the exhaustive halogenation of an acetyl group (R−C(=O)CH 3, where R can be either a hydrogen atom, an alkyl or an aryl group), in the presence of a base.
This makes the remaining hydrogens more acidic. In the case of methyl ketones, this reaction often occurs a third time to form a ketone trihalide, which can undergo rapid substitution with water to form a carboxylate (−C(=O)O −) in what is known as the haloform reaction. [1]
Most of the haloforms — specifically, chloroform (CHCl 3), bromoform (CHBr 3), and iodoform (CHI 3) — are easy to prepare through the haloform reaction, although this method does not lend itself to bulk syntheses. (Fluoroform (CHF 3) cannot be prepared in this manner.)
The haloform reaction can also occur inadvertently in domestic settings. Sodium hypochlorite solution (chlorine bleach) mixed with common household liquids such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, ethanol, or isopropyl alcohol can produce some chloroform, in addition to other compounds, such as chloroacetone or dichloroacetone. [citation needed]
Hypochlorite (ClO −). A hypohalite is an oxyanion containing a halogen in oxidation state +1. [citation needed] This includes hypoiodite, hypobromite and hypochlorite.In hypofluorite (oxyfluoride) the fluorine atom is in a −1 oxidation state.
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