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The abductor pollicis brevis is a flat, thin muscle located just under the skin. It is a thenar muscle, and therefore contributes to the bulk of the palm's thenar eminence. It originates from the flexor retinaculum of the hand, the tubercle of the scaphoid bone, and additionally sometimes from the tubercle of the trapezium.
The most superficial muscle in the thenar group is the abductor pollicis brevis. The abductor brings the thumb away from the other four fingers. The flexor pollicis brevis, which lies next to the abductor, will flex the thumb, curling it up in the palm. The opponens pollicis lies deep to abductor pollicis brevis.
Gluteus maximus muscle; Gluteus medius muscle; Gluteus minimus muscle; Sartorius muscle; Tensor fasciae latae muscle; Piriformis; of toe [7] Abductor hallucis; Abductor digiti minimi; Dorsal interossei of the foot
The muscles of the hand can be subdivided into two groups: the extrinsic and intrinsic muscle groups. The extrinsic muscle groups are the long flexors and extensors. They are called extrinsic because the muscle belly is located on the forearm. The intrinsic group are the smaller muscles located within the hand itself.
In human anatomy, the dorsal interossei (DI) are four muscles in the back of the hand that act to abduct (spread) the index, middle, and ring fingers away from the hand's midline (ray of middle finger) and assist in flexion at the metacarpophalangeal joints and extension at the interphalangeal joints of the index, middle and ring fingers.
The abductor digiti minimi is the most variable hypothenar muscle, [4] and might be joined by accessory slips from the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris, the flexor retinaculum, the fascia of the distal forearm, or the tendon of the palmaris longus. Occasionally, the muscle is partially inserted onto the fifth metacarpal bone. [5]
An accessory abductor pollicis longus (AAPL) tendon is present in more than 80% of people, and a separate muscle belly is present in 20% of people. In one study, the accessory tendon was inserted into the trapezium (41%); proximally on the abductor pollicis brevis (22%) and opponens pollicis brevis (5%); had a double insertion on the trapezium and thenar muscles (15%); or the base of the first ...
There are six separate synovial sheaths run beneath the extensor retinaculum: (1st) abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons, (2nd) extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis tendons, (3rd) extensor pollicis longus tendon, (4th) extensor digitorium communis and extensor indicis proprius tendons, (5th) extensor digiti minimi tendon and (6th) extensor carpi ulnaris tendon.