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Perceptual and Motor Skills is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal established by Robert B. Ammons and Carol H. Ammons in 1949. The journal covers research on perception and motor skills. The editor-in-chief is Oliver R. Runswick (King's College London). The journal was published by Ammons Scientific, but is now published by SAGE Publishing.
The Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test (abbreviated as Bender-Gestalt test) is a psychological test used by mental health practitioners that assesses visual-motor functioning, developmental disorders, and neurological impairments in children ages 3 and older and adults. The test consists of nine index cards picturing different geometric designs.
It uses a scale of 0–30, where a score less than 15 may indicate problematic low self-esteem. [2] Although the instrument was developed for use with adolescents, it has been widely used in research on adults. [3] [4] The RSES is designed similar to the social-survey questionnaires.
Perceptual learning forms important foundations of complex cognitive processes (i.e., language) and interacts with other kinds of learning to produce perceptual expertise. [1] [2] Underlying perceptual learning are changes in the neural circuitry. The ability for perceptual learning is retained throughout life. [3]
Motor skills are movements and actions of the muscles. There are two major groups of motor skills: Gross motor skills [2] – require the use of large muscle groups in our legs, torso, and arms to perform tasks such as: walking, balancing, and crawling. The skill required is not extensive and therefore are usually associated with continuous tasks.
While kinesthesis may be described as "muscle memory", muscles do not store memory; rather, it is the proprioceptors giving the information from muscles to the brain. [2] To do this, the individual must have a sense of the position of their body and how that changes throughout the motor skill they are trying to perform.
Psychomotor learning is the relationship between cognitive functions and physical movement.Psychomotor learning is demonstrated by physical skills such as movement, coordination, manipulation, dexterity, grace, strength, speed—actions which demonstrate the fine or gross motor skills, such as use of precision instruments or tools, and walking.
DAMP is diagnosed on the basis of concomitant attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and developmental coordination disorder in children who do not have a severe learning disability or cerebral palsy. In clinically severe form, it affects about 1.5% of the general population of 7-year-old-children; 3-6% are affected by more moderate variants.