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By-products of milk include butterfat, cream, curds, and whey. Butterfat is the main lipid in milk. The cream contains 18–40% butterfat. The industry can be divided into 2 market territories; fluid milk and industrialized milk such as yogurt, cheeses, and ice cream. [45]
During pregnancy, the udder begins to develop further. After calving, a cow will nurse its calf briefly and then typically be milked two to three times daily. Cows produce about 80 pounds of milk per day, though some can produce well over 100 pounds. After a cow becomes pregnant again, it will be "dried off"—meaning it will stop being milked ...
It has been bred selectively to produce the highest yields of milk of any cow. The average in the UK is around 22 litres per day. [102] [103] Dairy is a large industry worldwide. In 2023, the 27 European Union countries produced 143 million tons of cow's milk; the United States 104.1 million tons; and India 99.5 million tons. [107]
The milk is filtered and cooled before being added to a large bulk tank of milk for storage. [3] The average time of milking is 5–7 minutes and a cow can be milked with a machine 2–3 times a day. [4] The existing robotic milking has allowed cows to have the freedom to decide when to milk, but still needs to make contact with people. [5] [6]
Cattle bred specifically for milk production are called milking or dairy cattle; [1] a cow kept to provide milk for one family may be called a family cow or a milker. A fresh cow is a dairy term for a cow (or a first-calf heifer in few regions) who has recently given birth, or "freshened." The adjective applying to cattle in general is usually ...
Cow with calf (standing behind her, parts of its body creating the illusion of supernumerary teats "on" the mother). The cattle are generally small, with weights in the range 360–550 kg (800–1200 lb) for bulls and 270–360 kg (600–800 lb) for cows; in the past there was a still smaller or dwarf type within the breed, known as the Guinea, which weighed about 230 kg (500 lb) or less.
Worldwide, the largest cow milk producer is the United States, [51] the largest cow milk exporter is New Zealand, [52] [53] and the largest importer is China. [54] The European Union with its present 27 member countries produced 158,800,000 metric tons (156,300,000 long tons; 175,000,000 short tons) in 2013 [ 55 ] (96.8% cow milk), the most by ...
The Icelandic cow is a dairy breed with a small body size. About 95% are naturally polled, but the rest are horned. An average cow can produce about 6,000 kg (13,200 lb) of milk per year, with the best animals producing 11,000 kg (24,300 lb). They are housed for about eight months of the year and fed largely on hay, supplemented with cereals.