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Independence, autonomy and the ability to control learning experiences has come to play an increasingly important role in language education. [9] Principles of learner autonomy could be:(Frank Lacey) Autonomy means moving the focus from teaching to learning. Autonomy affords maximum possible influence to the learners.
In developmental psychology and moral, political, and bioethical philosophy, autonomy [note 1] is the capacity to make an informed, uncoerced decision. Autonomous organizations or institutions are independent or self-governing.
Empowerment is the degree of autonomy and self-determination in people and in communities. This enables them to represent their interests in a responsible and self-determined way, acting on their own authority.
[1] [better source needed] [2] The main dimensions of university autonomy are academic, organizational, financial and staffing autonomy. [ 1 ] The 1988 Magna Charta Universitatum defines the first fundamental principle of a university to be an "autonomous institution" whose "research and teaching must be morally and intellectually independent ...
Theorists like John Dewey, Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky, whose collective work focused on how students learn, have informed the move to student-centered learning.Dewey was an advocate for progressive education, and he believed that learning is a social and experiential process by making learning an active process as children learn by doing.
Open education is an educational movement founded on openness, with connections to other educational movements such as critical pedagogy, and with an educational stance which favours widening participation and inclusiveness in society. [1]
A minimal definition of academic freedom is that a teacher has a right to instruct, and a student has a right to learn in an academic setting unhampered by outside interference. [ 1 ] [ 6 ] Other definitions include the right of teachers to engage in social and political criticism.
The aim of liberal education is to teach children the skills, habits, knowledge, and dispositions for them to be thoughtful, mature, self-assured individuals who map their path in the world with care and confidence, take responsibility for their actions, fulfill their duties as citizens, question themselves and others when appropriate, listen to and learn from others, and ultimately lead their ...