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Sakoku (鎖国 / 鎖國, "chained country") is the most common name for the isolationist foreign policy of the Japanese Tokugawa shogunate under which, during the Edo period (from 1603 to 1868), relations and trade between Japan and other countries were severely limited, and almost all foreign nationals were banned from entering Japan, while common Japanese people were kept from leaving the ...
The Sakoku Edict (Sakoku-rei, 鎖国令) of 1635 was a Japanese decree intended to eliminate foreign influence, enforced by strict government rules and regulations to impose these ideas. It was the third of a series issued by Tokugawa Iemitsu , [ citation needed ] shōgun of Japan from 1623 to 1651.
Over the course of the 1630s, Iemitsu issued a series of edicts restricting Japan's dealings with the outside world. The most famous of those edicts was the so-called Sakoku Edict of 1635, which contained the main restrictions introduced by Iemitsu. With it, he forbade every Japanese ship and person to travel to another country, or to return to ...
Bakumatsu (幕末, ' End of the bakufu ') were the final years of the Edo period when the Tokugawa shogunate ended.Between 1853 and 1867, under foreign diplomatic and military pressure, Japan ended its isolationist foreign policy known as sakoku and changed from a feudal Tokugawa shogunate to the modern empire of the Meiji government.
French weaponry also played a key role in the conflict. Minié rifles were sold in quantities. The French mission brought with them 200 cases of material, including various models of artillery pieces. [42] The French mission also brought 25 thoroughbred Arabian horses, which were given to the shōgun as a present from Napoleon III. [33]
The "trade pass" (Dutch: handelspas) issued in the name of Tokugawa Ieyasu, allowing Dutch ships to travel to and dock at anywhere in Japan. VOC chief traders in Japan were the opperhoofden of the Dutch East India Company (Dutch: Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie; VOC) in Japan during the Edo period, when Japan was ruled by the Tokugawa shogunate.
The incident was provoked by criticism of the isolationist sakoku policy due to actions such as the Morrison Incident when an unarmed American merchant ship was fired upon under the Edict to Repel Foreign Ships. Among those who suffered from this action were Watanabe Kazan, Takano Chōei and Koseki Sanei. [1] [2]
Added the "why" of Sakoku, translated from Japanese high-school history textbooks and the Japanese version of this wiki. Some native-English speaker should clean up the text please. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 137.138.125.168 (talk • contribs) 2:05, 20 April 2007 (UTC). Thanks for your additions.