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In database management, an aggregate function or aggregation function is a function where multiple values are processed together to form a single summary statistic. (Figure 1) Entity relationship diagram representation of aggregation. Common aggregate functions include: Average (i.e., arithmetic mean) Count; Maximum; Median; Minimum; Mode ...
The relational algebra uses set union, set difference, and Cartesian product from set theory, and adds additional constraints to these operators to create new ones.. For set union and set difference, the two relations involved must be union-compatible—that is, the two relations must have the same set of attributes.
The first shipping, commercial database software product featuring MVCC was VAX Rdb/ELN, released in 1984, [5] and created at Digital Equipment Corporation by Jim Starkey. Starkey went on [ 6 ] to create the second commercially successful MVCC database - InterBase .
MongoDB can be used as a file system, called GridFS, with load-balancing and data-replication features over multiple machines for storing files. This function, called a grid file system, [36] is included with MongoDB drivers. MongoDB exposes functions for file manipulation and content to developers.
The information is packaged into aggregate reports and then sold to businesses, as well as to local, state, and government agencies. This information can also be useful for marketing purposes. In the United States, many data brokers' activities fall under the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) which regulates consumer reporting agencies .
Database theory encapsulates a broad range of topics related to the study and research of the theoretical realm of databases and database management systems.. Theoretical aspects of data management include, among other areas, the foundations of query languages, computational complexity and expressive power of queries, finite model theory, database design theory, dependency theory, foundations ...
The tradeoff between availability, consistency and latency, as described by the PACELC theorem. In database theory, the PACELC theorem is an extension to the CAP theorem.It states that in case of network partitioning (P) in a distributed computer system, one has to choose between availability (A) and consistency (C) (as per the CAP theorem), but else (E), even when the system is running ...
QUEL is a relational database query language, based on tuple relational calculus, with some similarities to SQL.It was created as a part of the Ingres DBMS effort at University of California, Berkeley, based on Codd's earlier suggested but not implemented Data Sub-Language ALPHA.