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Liquid oxygen has a clear cyan color and is strongly paramagnetic: it can be suspended between the poles of a powerful horseshoe magnet. [2] Liquid oxygen has a density of 1.141 kg/L (1.141 g/ml), slightly denser than liquid water, and is cryogenic with a freezing point of 54.36 K (−218.79 °C; −361.82 °F) and a boiling point of 90.19 K (−182.96 °C; −297.33 °F) at 1 bar (14.5 psi).
At first, liquid air, self-enriched by standing (nitrogen has a lower boiling point and evaporates preferentially) was used, but pure liquid oxygen gives better results. A mixture of lampblack and liquid oxygen was measured to have a detonation velocity of 3,000 m/s, and 4 to 12% more explosive power than dynamite .
Jets of liquid carbon dioxide. Liquid carbon dioxide is the liquid state of carbon dioxide (CO 2), which cannot occur under atmospheric pressure.It can only exist at a pressure above 5.1 atm (5.2 bar; 75 psi), under 31.1 °C (88.0 °F) (temperature of critical point) and above −56.6 °C (−69.9 °F) (temperature of triple point). [1]
1.80 [16] 1.26: battery, Fluoride-ion [citation needed] 1.7: 2.8: battery, Hydrogen closed cycle H fuel cell [17] 1.62: Hydrazine decomposition (as monopropellant) 1.6: 1.6: Ammonium nitrate decomposition (as monopropellant) 1.4: 2.5: Thermal Energy Capacity of Molten Salt: 1 [citation needed] 98% [18] Molecular spring approximate [citation ...
C=O 116.21 pm (1.1621 Å) [3] Bond angle: O–C–O: 180° , [3] decreasing to as low as 163° at higher temperature and/or pressure [4] Magnetic susceptibility: −0.49×10^−6 cm^3/mol Surface tension: 4.34 dyn/cm at 20 °C and equilibrium pressure Viscosity [5] of liquid at equilibrium pressure 0.0925 mPa·s at 5 °C 0.0852 mPa·s at 10 °C
For gases, departure from 3 R per mole of atoms is generally due to two factors: (1) failure of the higher quantum-energy-spaced vibration modes in gas molecules to be excited at room temperature, and (2) loss of potential energy degree of freedom for small gas molecules, simply because most of their atoms are not bonded maximally in space to ...
The ideal gas equation can be rearranged to give an expression for the molar volume of an ideal gas: = = Hence, for a given temperature and pressure, the molar volume is the same for all ideal gases and is based on the gas constant: R = 8.314 462 618 153 24 m 3 ⋅Pa⋅K −1 ⋅mol −1, or about 8.205 736 608 095 96 × 10 −5 m 3 ⋅atm⋅K ...
According to Sazonov and Shaw, [7] the dimensionless Bunsen coefficient is defined as "the volume of saturating gas, V1, reduced to T° = 273.15 K, p° = 1 bar, which is absorbed by unit volume V 2 * of pure solvent at the temperature of measurement and partial pressure of 1 bar." If the gas is ideal, the pressure cancels out, and the ...