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In computer science, an instruction set architecture (ISA) is an abstract model that generally defines how software controls the CPU in a computer or a family of computers. [1] A device or program that executes instructions described by that ISA, such as a central processing unit (CPU), is called an implementation of that ISA.
The first documented computer architecture was in the correspondence between Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace, describing the analytical engine.While building the computer Z1 in 1936, Konrad Zuse described in two patent applications for his future projects that machine instructions could be stored in the same storage used for data, i.e., the stored-program concept.
Architecture styles typically include a vocabulary of component and connector types, as well as semantic models for interpreting the system's properties. These styles represent the most coarse-grained level of system organization. Examples include Layered Architecture, Microservices, and Event-Driven Architecture. [1] [2] [3]
An instruction set architecture (ISA) is an abstract model of a computer, also referred to as computer architecture.A realization of an ISA is called an implementation.An ISA permits multiple implementations that may vary in performance, physical size, and monetary cost (among other things); because the ISA serves as the interface between software and hardware.
Separate from the stack definition of a MISC architecture, is the MISC architecture being defined by the number of instructions supported. Typically a minimal instruction set computer is viewed as having 32 or fewer instructions, [1] [2] [3] where NOP, RESET, and CPUID type instructions are usually not counted by consensus due to their fundamental nature.
Design patterns in computer science represent abstract solutions to common software design problems. While they are not abstractions in the same sense as data structures or mathematical concepts, design patterns provide a high-level language for software developers to communicate and implement solutions in a consistent and recognizable way.
Category:Computer hardware for articles about computer electronic components, buses, clock signals, motherboards, etc. Category:Computer storage; Category:Central processing unit; Category:Operating systems for articles about systems; Fault-tolerant design and Fault-tolerant system
Automatic vectorization in compilers is an active area of computer science research. (Compare vector processing.) Programming with particular SIMD instruction sets can involve numerous low-level challenges. SIMD may have restrictions on data alignment; programmers familiar with one particular architecture may not expect this. Worse: the ...