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The Arabic word tasawwuf (lit. ' 'Sufism' '), generally translated as Sufism, is commonly defined by Western authors as Islamic mysticism. [14] [15] [16] The Arabic term Sufi has been used in Islamic literature with a wide range of meanings, by both proponents and opponents of Sufism. [14]
Sufi cosmology (Arabic: الكوزمولوجية الصوفية) is a Sufi approach to cosmology which discusses the creation of man and the universe, which according to mystics are the fundamental grounds upon which Islamic religious universe is based.
Sufism is the mystical branch of Islam in which Muslims seek divine love and truth through direct personal experience of God. [1] This mystic tradition within Islam developed in several stages of growth, emerging first in the form of early asceticism, based on the teachings of Hasan al-Basri, before entering the second stage of more classical mysticism of divine love, as promoted by al-Ghazali ...
According to mysticism, the truth behind creation of man and essence of all prayers is the recognition of Allah. The term is used by Sufi Muslims to describe mystical intuitive knowledge, knowledge of spiritual truth as reached through ecstatic experiences rather than revealed or rationally acquired. [29]
In addition to the laṭāʾif, some [46] [47] Sufi traditions also speak about two other categories of conscious experience that can arise during spiritual practice: “ Ḥal ” (State), is a temporary altered state of consciousness arising from psychological or spiritual influences acting upon a student.
In Sufi teachings, ma'rifa "is an apprehension of the divine unity in such a way that awareness of self is lost in awareness of God". [4] The term 'arif, meaning "gnostic," has been employed to describe accomplished mystics who have reached the elevated spiritual stage of maʿrifa. [5]
Maqām [1] (Arabic: مَقَام "station"; plural مَقَامَات maqāmāt) refers to each stage a Sufi's soul must attain in its search for God. [2] The stations are derived from the most routine considerations a Sufi must deal with on a day-to-day basis and is essentially an embodiment of both mystical knowledge and Islamic law ().
The mystical thinker and theologian Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi discussed the concept of waḥdat al-wujūd in his book Tohfa Mursala. [2] However, the Sufi saint who discussed the ideology of Sufi metaphysics to the greatest depth is Ibn Arabi. [3] He employed the term wujud to refer to God as the "Necessary Being". He also attributed the term ...