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Latent failures span the first three domains of failure in Reason's model. [ 9 ] In the early days of the Swiss cheese model, late 1980 to about 1992, attempts were made to combine two theories: James Reason's multi-layer defence model and Willem Albert Wagenaar's tripod theory of accident causation .
Experts in interaction design such as Alan Cooper [3] believe this concept puts blame in the wrong place, the user, instead of blaming the error-inducing design and its failure to take into account human limitations.
A statue in Hartlepool, England, commemorating the "Hartlepool monkey", a primate who was mistaken by locals to be a French soldier and killed.. Some researchers have argued that the dichotomy of human actions as "correct" or "incorrect" is a harmful oversimplification of a complex phenomenon.
The difference between active failure and latent failure is that the effect caused by active failure will show up immediately. Latent failure usually occurs from the high level management. Investigators may ignore this kind of failure because it may remain undetected for a long time. [10] During the investigation of latent failure ...
The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) identifies the human causes of an accident and offers tools for analysis as a way to plan preventive training. [1]
1. The first stage of the process is to identify the full range of sub-tasks that a system operator would be required to complete within a given task.
He wrote books on human error, [2] including such aspects as absent-mindedness, aviation human factors, maintenance errors, and risk management for organizational accidents. [3] In 2003, he was awarded an honorary DSc by the University of Aberdeen .