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  2. Maillard reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maillard_reaction

    In archaeology, the Maillard process occurs when bodies are preserved in peat bogs. The acidic peat environment causes a tanning or browning of skin tones and can turn hair to a red or ginger tone. The chemical mechanism is the same as in the browning of food, but it develops slowly over time due to the acidic action on the bog body.

  3. Ruff degradation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruff_degradation

    Ruff degradation is a reaction used to shorten the open chain forms of monosaccharides. [1] It is functionally the reverse reaction of Kiliani-Fischer synthesis.. In 1898, Otto Ruff published his work on the transformation of D-Glucose to D-Arabinose later called the Ruff degradation.

  4. Organic reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_reaction

    Factors governing organic reactions are essentially the same as that of any chemical reaction.Factors specific to organic reactions are those that determine the stability of reactants and products such as conjugation, hyperconjugation and aromaticity and the presence and stability of reactive intermediates such as free radicals, carbocations and carbanions.

  5. Rearrangement reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rearrangement_reaction

    In organic chemistry, a rearrangement reaction is a broad class of organic reactions where the carbon skeleton of a molecule is rearranged to give a structural isomer of the original molecule. [1] Often a substituent moves from one atom to another atom in the same molecule, hence these reactions are usually intramolecular.

  6. Hofmann rearrangement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hofmann_rearrangement

    The Hofmann rearrangement (Hofmann degradation) is the organic reaction of a primary amide to a primary amine with one less carbon atom. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The reaction involves oxidation of the nitrogen followed by rearrangement of the carbonyl and nitrogen to give an isocyanate intermediate.

  7. Food browning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_browning

    Browning Fuji apple - 32 minutes in 16 seconds (video). Browning is the process of food turning brown due to the chemical reactions that take place within. The process of browning is one of the chemical reactions that take place in food chemistry and represents an interesting research topic regarding health, nutrition, and food technology.

  8. Chemical reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reaction

    In a rearrangement reaction, the carbon skeleton of a molecule is rearranged to give a structural isomer of the original molecule. These include hydride shift reactions such as the Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement, where a hydrogen, alkyl or aryl group migrates from one carbon to a neighboring carbon. Most rearrangements are associated with the ...

  9. Ferrier rearrangement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrier_rearrangement

    The Ferrier rearrangement is an organic reaction that involves a nucleophilic substitution reaction combined with an allylic shift in a glycal (a 2,3-unsaturated glycoside). It was discovered by the carbohydrate chemist Robert J. Ferrier .