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Phosphorus pentabromide is a reactive, yellow solid of formula P Br 5, which has the structure [PBr 4] + Br − (tetrabromophosphonium bromide) in the solid state but in the vapor phase is completely dissociated to PBr 3 and Br 2.
In the continuum description of a solid body we imagine the body to be composed of a set of infinitesimal volumes or material points. Each volume is assumed to be connected to its neighbors without any gaps or overlaps. Certain mathematical conditions have to be satisfied to ensure that gaps/overlaps do not develop when a continuum body is ...
A convex polyhedron whose faces are regular polygons is known as a Johnson solid, or sometimes as a Johnson–Zalgaller solid [3]. Some authors exclude uniform polyhedra from the definition. A uniform polyhedron is a polyhedron in which the faces are regular and they are isogonal ; examples include Platonic and Archimedean solids as well as ...
The force lines are denser near the hole. The visualization helps to explain the stress concentration. Figure 2 shows the force lines in a body with a crack. The cracks are the most dangerous stress concentrator: the intensity of the force lines is high in the crack tip (see Fracture mechanics).
The net external force on the rigid body is always equal to the total mass times the translational acceleration (i.e., Newton's second law holds for the translational motion, even when the net external torque is nonzero, and/or the body rotates). The total kinetic energy is simply the sum of translational and rotational energy.
For a given structure, the shear center is the point in space at which shear force could be applied without causing torsional deformation (e.g. twisting) of the cross-section of the structure. [4] The shear center is an imaginary point, but does not vary with the magnitude of the shear force - only the cross-section of the structure.
An ideal solid surface is flat, rigid, perfectly smooth, and chemically homogeneous, and has zero contact angle hysteresis. Zero hysteresis implies the advancing and receding contact angles are equal. Figure 1: Contact angle for a liquid droplet on a solid surface. In other words, only one thermodynamically stable contact angle exists. When a ...
"On Physical Lines of Force" is a four-part paper written by James Clerk Maxwell, published in 1861. [1] In it, Maxwell derived the equations of electromagnetism in conjunction with a "sea" of " molecular vortices " which he used to model Faraday 's lines of force.