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An anti-tank rifle is an anti-materiel rifle designed to penetrate the armor of armored fighting vehicles, most commonly tanks, armored personnel carriers, and infantry fighting vehicles. The term is usually used for weapons that can be carried and used by one person, but is sometimes used for larger weapons. [ 1 ]
Self-propelled anti-tank guns are anti-tank guns mounted on vehicles. Sometimes lightly armored, and often fitted into a turret, they are nonetheless not tanks or assault guns and simply enhance the mobility of anti-tank guns. They are also capable of providing direct fire support.
In consequence, during World War II, both sides were compelled to make anti-tank guns self-propelled, which greatly increased their mobility. [18] The first self-propelled anti-tank guns were merely belated attempts to make use of obsolete tanks, such as the Panzerjäger I, which was a Czech 4.7-cm Pak (t) gun mated to a Panzer I chassis [a].
The Tankgewehr M1918 (transl. Tankgun), also known as the Mauser 13mm anti-tank rifle and T-Gewehr in English, [2] [3] is a German anti-tank rifle [4] —the first rifle designed for the sole purpose of destroying armored targets—and the only anti-tank rifle to see service in World War I. Approximately 16,900 were produced.
PTRS-41 anti-tank rifle at the Museum of the Great Patriotic War, Moscow. Anti-tank rifles were introduced in some armies before the Second World War to provide infantry with a stand-off weapon when confronted with a tank assault. The intention was to preserve the morale of the infantry by providing a weapon that could actually defeat a tank.
Type: Anti-tank rifle / anti-material rifle. Country of origin: Germany. Action: Single-shot; manually-actuated bolt-action. 22. Solothurn S18-100 ©Hmaag / Wikimedia Commons - Original / License.
In 1941, the loss of huge amounts of anti-tank artillery created a need for a stop-gap anti-tank weapon, so famous USSR weapons designers such as Vasily Degtyaryov and Sergei Gavrilovich Simonov were tasked to design anti-tank rifles. Both were considered simpler and more suitable to wartime production than an updated Rukavishnikov rifle.
Recoilless rifles have a rifled barrel and use spin stabilised projectiles (example: Carl Gustav 8.4 cm) Recoilless guns are smoothbore and shoot fin stabilised projectiles (examples: AT4, MATADOR RGW 90) Anti-tank guided missiles (ATGM)