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Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is the velocity at which the blood pressure pulse propagates through the circulatory system, usually an artery or a combined length of arteries. [1] PWV is used clinically as a measure of arterial stiffness and can be readily measured non-invasively in humans, with measurement of carotid to femoral PWV (cfPWV) being ...
The condition and health of the common carotid arteries is usually evaluated using Doppler ultrasound, CT angiography or phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI). Typically, blood flow velocities in the common carotid artery are measured as peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end diastolic velocity (EDV).
The condition and health of the external carotid arteries is usually evaluated using Doppler ultrasound, CT angiogram or phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI). Typically, blood flow velocities in the external carotid artery are measured as peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end diastolic velocity (EDV). [4]
The relationship between arterial stiffness and pulse wave velocity was first predicted by Thomas Young in his Croonian Lecture of 1808 [11] but is generally described by the Moens–Korteweg equation [12] or the Bramwell–Hill equation. [13] Typical values of PWV in the aorta range from approximately 5 m/s to >15 m/s. [14]
In medicine, the pulse is the rhythmic throbbing of each artery in response to the cardiac cycle (heartbeat). [1] The pulse may be palpated in any place that allows an artery to be compressed near the surface of the body, such as at the neck (carotid artery), wrist (radial artery or ulnar artery), at the groin (femoral artery), behind the knee (popliteal artery), near the ankle joint ...
Segments of the internal carotid artery, delineated on an MRA of the head.. The internal carotid artery is a terminal branch of the common carotid artery; it arises around the level of the fourth cervical vertebra when the common carotid bifurcates into this artery and its more superficial counterpart, the external carotid artery.
For this reason, the blood flow velocity is the fastest in the middle of the vessel and slowest at the vessel wall. In most cases, the mean velocity is used. [18] There are many ways to measure blood flow velocity, like videocapillary microscoping with frame-to-frame analysis, or laser Doppler anemometry. [19]
The carotid artery is the usual site of measurement of IMT and consensus statements for carotid IMT have been published for adults [12] and children. [13] Often, carotid IMT is measured in three locations: in the common carotid artery (typically at one cm proximal to the flow divider), at the bifurcation, and in the internal carotid artery.