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Transthyretin (TTR or TBPA) is a transport protein in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid that transports the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T 4) and retinol to the liver. This is how transthyretin gained its name: transports thyroxine and retinol. The liver secretes TTR into the blood, and the choroid plexus secretes TTR into the cerebrospinal fluid.
Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) is a globulin protein encoded by the SERPINA7 gene in humans. TBG binds thyroid hormones in circulation.It is one of three transport proteins (along with transthyretin and serum albumin) responsible for carrying the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T 4) and triiodothyronine (T 3) in the bloodstream.
Prealbumin (transthyretin) Alpha 1 antitrypsin (neutralizes trypsin that has leaked from the digestive system) Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein; Alpha-1-fetoprotein; alpha2-macroglobulin; Gamma globulins; Beta-2 microglobulin; Haptoglobin; Human Serum Albumin; Ceruloplasmin; Complement component 3; Complement component 4; C-reactive protein (CRP)
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Most are bound to thyroxine-binding globulin (about 70%), transthyretin (10%), and albumin (15%). [30] Only the 0.03% of T 4 and 0.3% of T 3 traveling freely have hormonal activity. [ 31 ] In addition, up to 85% of the T 3 in blood is produced following conversion from T 4 by iodothyronine deiodinases in organs around the body.
Positive acute-phase proteins serve (as part of the innate immune system) different physiological functions within the immune system.Some act to destroy or inhibit growth of microbes, e.g., C-reactive protein, mannose-binding protein, [3] complement factors, ferritin, ceruloplasmin, serum amyloid A and haptoglobin.
Thyroid function tests (TFTs) is a collective term for blood tests used to check the function of the thyroid. [1] TFTs may be requested if a patient is thought to suffer from hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) or hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid), or to monitor the effectiveness of either thyroid-suppression or hormone replacement therapy.
Thyroid hormones act on nearly every cell in the body. They act to increase the basal metabolic rate, affect protein synthesis, help regulate long bone growth (synergy with growth hormone) and neural maturation, and increase the body's sensitivity to catecholamines (such as adrenaline) by permissiveness. [12]