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The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a sovereign state in northeastern Europe that existed from the 13th century, [5] succeeding the Kingdom of Lithuania, to the late 18th century, [6] when the territory was suppressed during the 1795 partitions of Poland–Lithuania.
The map depicts the territory from the Gulf of Riga in the north to Podolia in the south, from the Vistula river in the west to the border with the Grand Duchy of Moscow beyond the Dnieper river in the east. [7] The map shows borders of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and its administrative subdivisions (voivodeships and powiats). [23]
The Duchy of Courland and Semigallia is a duchy in the Baltic region that existed from 1562 to 1791 as a vassal state of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. From 1685, District of Pilten was in union with the duchy.
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, [b] formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania [c] and also referred to as Poland–Lithuania or the First Polish Republic, [d] [9] [10] was a federative real union [11] between the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, existing from 1569 to 1795.
This is a list of wars, armed conflicts and rebellions involving Lithuania throughout its history as a kingdom (1251–1263), grand duchy (1236–1251; 1263–1795, although part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth during 1569–1795) and a modern republic (1918–1940; 1990 – present), including as well the uprisings of the 19th and 20th centuries to recreate Lithuanian statehood.
In 1801 Lithuania Governorate was split into Lithuania-Vilna Governorate and Lithuania-Grodno Governorate. Forty years later the word "Lithuania" was dropped from the two names and official maps of Europe. The territory of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania became known as the Northwestern Krai. [2]
For most of its existence, it was a constituent part and a nucleus of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Other alternative names of the territorial formation, used in different periods, were Aukštaitija or Land of Lithuania (13th century), Duchy of Vilnius (14th – early 15th centuries), [2] Lithuania proper, or simply Lithuania (in a narrow sense).
It exalts the heroic past of Lithuania, and denigrates former Kievan Rus'. To justify the superiority of Lithuanians over Ruthenians, the antiquity and nobility of the former's origin, and their prominent role in the life of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania are emphasised. [1]