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In 2014, TMMC Cancer was invested in by the Japanese Sojitz Corporation [4] and its medical partner, Capita Medica, to develop a strategic Center of Excellence. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] The project was initiated by Dr. Dilshaad Ali, founding President and Group Chief Executive Director, and Tran Quoc Bao, the Group Business Development Director.
Staging breast cancer is the initial step to help physicians determine the most appropriate course of treatment. As of 2016, guidelines incorporated biologic factors, such as tumor grade, cellular proliferation rate, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression, and gene expression profiling into the staging system.
The combined effects of radiation and breast cancer surgery can in particular lead to complications such as breast fibrosis, secondary lymphoedema (which may occur in the arm, the breast or the chest, in particular after axillary lymph node dissection [5] [6]), breast asymmetry, and chronic/recurrent breast cellulitis, each of these having long ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 29 January 2025. Cancer that originates in mammary glands Medical condition Breast cancer An illustration of breast cancer Specialty Surgical Oncology Symptoms A lump in a breast, a change in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, fluid from the nipple, a newly inverted nipple, a red scaly patch of skin on ...
Mastectomy is the medical term for the surgical removal of one or both breasts, partially or completely.A mastectomy is usually carried out to treat breast cancer. [1] [2] In some cases, women believed to be at high risk of breast cancer choose to have the operation as a preventive measure. [1]
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. In the early twentieth century, it was primarily treated by surgery, which is when the mastectomy was developed. [ 1 ] However, with the advancement of technology and surgical skills in recent years, mastectomies have become less invasive. [ 2 ]
The procedure is a surgical option for individuals who are at high risk for the development of breast cancer. High risk women without a prior history of personal breast cancer might consider bilateral risk-reducing mastectomy (BRRM) as an option for minimising the risk of primary breast carcinoma development. [3]
It is based on three surgical principles: ideal breast cancer surgery with free tumor margins, immediate breast reconstruction, and immediate symmetry with the other breast. [11] Oncoplastic approaches to breast-conserving surgery may require a close partnership among surgeons who specialize in surgical oncology and plastic surgery. Oncoplastic ...